Mohamed Hegazi

Chapter 0: Attacking Network Protocols Book Introduction

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Mohamed Hegazi
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Chapter 0: Attacking Network Protocols Book Introduction

Table of contents

بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم , اللهم صلي و سلم و بارك علي سيدنا محمد صلي الله عليه وسلم

About Book:

This book is named Attacking Network Protocols because to find security vulnerabilities in a network-connected device.

The book aims to equip readers with the mindset of attackers to identify vulnerabilities in network-connected devices, particularly focusing on network protocols. While many resources cover network traffic capture for diagnostics, this book stands out by emphasizing the security aspects of protocol analysis.

What’s in This Book?

Here’s a breakdown of the chapters:

  1. Chapter 1 (Basics of Networking): Covers fundamental concepts and introduces a model for protocol analysis.

  2. Chapter 2 (Capturing Application Traffic): Introduces passive and active capture techniques using Canape Core.

  3. Chapter 3 (Network Protocol Structures): Explores common structures in network protocols for faster analysis.

  4. Chapter 4 (Advanced Application Traffic Capture) : Discusses advanced capture techniques like NAT configuration and ARP spoofing.

  5. Chapter 5 (Analysis from the Wire): Introduces methods for analyzing captured traffic using the SuperFunkyChat application.

  6. Chapter 6 (Application Reverse Engineering): Describes techniques for reverse engineering network-connected programs.

  7. Chapter 7 (Network Protocol Security): Provides background on securing network protocols.

  8. Chapter 8 (Implementing the Network Protocol): Explains implementing application network protocols for testing.

  9. Chapter 9 (The Root Causes of Vulnerabilities): Describes common security vulnerabilities in network protocols.

  10. Chapter 10 (Finding and Exploiting Security Vulnerabilities): Guides on discovering and exploiting vulnerabilities, including shell code development and exploit mitigation bypass.

💡 The book covers all content in detail, including some information. I’ll provide resources in each chapter that can assist both you and me.

Contents in detail

Chapter 1: THE BASICS OF NETWORKING

1.1 Network Architecture and Protocols

1.2 The Internet Protocol Suite

1.3 Data Encapsulation

  • Headers, Footers, and Addresses

  • Data Transmission

1.4 Network Routing

1.5 My Model for Network Protocol Analysis

Final Words

Chapter 2: CAPTURING APPLICATION TRAFFIC

2.1 Passive Network Traffic Capture

2.2 Quick Primer for Wireshark

2.3 Alternative Passive Capture Techniques

  • System Call Tracing

  • The strace Utility on Linux

  • Monitoring Network Connections with DTrace

  • Process Monitor on Windows

2.4 Advantages and Disadvantages of Passive Capture

2.5 Active Network Traffic Capture

2.6 Network Proxies

  • Port-Forwarding Proxy

  • SOCKS Proxy

  • HTTP Proxies

  • Forwarding an HTTP Proxy

  • Reverse HTTP Proxy

Final Words

Chapter 3: NETWORK PROTOCOL STRUCTURES

3.1 Binary Protocol Structures

  • Numeric Data

  • Booleans

  • Bit Flags

  • Binary Endian

  • Text and Human-Readable Data

  • Variable Binary Length Data

3.2 Dates and Times

  • POSIX/Unix Time

  • Windows FILETIME

3.3 Tag, Length, Value Pattern

3.4 Multiplexing and Fragmentation

3.5 Network Address Information

3.6 Structured Binary Formats

3.7 Text Protocol Structures

  • Numeric Data

  • Text Booleans

  • Dates and Times

  • Variable-Length Data

  • Structured Text Formats

3.8 Encoding Binary Data

  • Hex Encoding

  • Base64

Final Words

Chapter 4: ADVANCED APPLICATION TRAFFIC CAPTURE

4.1 Rerouting Traffic

  • Using Traceroute

  • Routing Tables

4.2 Configuring a Router

  • Enabling Routing on Windows

  • Enabling Routing on *nix

4.3 Network Address Translation

  • Enabling SNAT

  • Configuring SNAT on Linux

  • Enabling DNAT

4.4 Forwarding Traffic to a Gateway

  • DHCP Spoofing

  • ARP Poisoning

Final Words

Chapter 5: ANALYSIS FROM THE WIRE

5.1 The Traffic-Producing Application: SuperFunkyChat

  • Starting the Server

  • Starting Clients

  • Communicating Between Clients

5.2 A Crash Course in Analysis with Wireshark

  • Generating Network Traffic and Capturing Packets

  • Basic Analysis

  • Reading the Contents of a TCP Session

5.3 Identifying Packet Structure with Hex Dump

  • Viewing Individual Packets

  • Determining the Protocol Structure

  • Testing Our Assumptions

  • Dissecting the Protocol with Python

5.4 Developing Wireshark Dissectors in Lua

  • Creating the Dissector

  • The Lua Dissection

  • Parsing a Message Packet

5.6 Using a Proxy to Actively Analyze Traffic

  • Setting Up the Proxy

  • Protocol Analysis Using a Proxy

  • Adding Basic Protocol Parsing

  • Changing Protocol Behavior

Final Words

Chapter 6: APPLICATION REVERSE ENGINEERING

6.1 Compilers, Interpreters, and Assemblers

  • Interpreted Languages

  • Compiled Languages

  • Static vs. Dynamic Linking

6.2 The x86 Architecture

  • The Instruction Set Architecture

  • CPU Registers

  • Program Flow

6.3 Operating System Basics

  • Executable File Formats

  • Sections

  • Processes and Threads

  • Operating System Networking Interface

  • Application Binary Interface

6.3 Static Reverse Engineering

  • A Quick Guide to Using IDA Pro Free Edition

  • Analyzing Stack Variables and Arguments

  • Identifying Key Functionality

6.4 Dynamic Reverse Engineering

  • Setting Breakpoints

  • Debugger Windows

  • Where to Set Breakpoints?

6.5 Reverse Engineering Managed Languages

  • .NET Applications

  • Using ILSpy

  • Java Applications

  • Dealing with Obfuscation

6.6 Reverse Engineering Resources

Final Words

Chapter 7: NETWORK PROTOCOL SECURITY

7.1 Encryption Algorithms

  • Substitution Ciphers

  • XOR Encryption

7.2 Random Number Generators

7.3 Symmetric Key Cryptography

  • Block Ciphers

  • Block Cipher Modes

  • Block Cipher Padding

  • Padding Oracle Attack

  • Stream Ciphers

7.4 Asymmetric Key Cryptography

  • RSA Algorithm

  • RSA Padding

  • Diffie–Hellman Key Exchange

7.5 Signature Algorithms

  • Cryptographic Hashing Algorithms

  • Asymmetric Signature Algorithms

  • Message Authentication Codes

7.6 Public Key Infrastructure

  • X.509 Certificates

  • Verifying a Certificate Chain

7.7 Case Study: Transport Layer Security

  • The TLS Handshake

  • Initial Negotiation

  • Endpoint Authentication

  • Establishing Encryption

  • Meeting Security Requirements

Final Words

Chapter 8: IMPLEMENTING THE NETWORK PROTOCOL

8.1 Replaying Existing Captured Network Traffic

  • Capturing Traffic with Netcat

  • Using Python to Resend Captured UDP Traffic

  • Repurposing Our Analysis Proxy

8.2 Repurposing Existing Executable Code

  • Repurposing Code in .NET Applications

  • Repurposing Code in Java Applications

  • Unmanaged Executables

8.3 Encryption and Dealing with TLS

  • Learning About the Encryption In Use

  • Decrypting the TLS Traffic

Final Words

Chapter 9: THE ROOT CAUSES OF VULNERABILITIES

9.1 Vulnerability Classes

  • Remote Code Execution

  • Denial-of-Service

  • Information Disclosure

  • Authentication Bypass

  • Authorization Bypass

9.2 Memory Corruption Vulnerabilities

  • Memory-Safe vs. Memory-Unsafe Programming Languages

  • Memory Buffer Overflows

  • Out-of-Bounds Buffer Indexing

  • Data Expansion Attack

  • Dynamic Memory Allocation Failures

9.3 Default or Hardcoded Credentials

9.4 User Enumeration

9.5 Incorrect Resource Access

  • Canonicalization

  • Verbose Errors

9.6 Memory Exhaustion Attacks

9.7 Storage Exhaustion Attacks

9.8 CPU Exhaustion Attacks

  • Algorithmic Complexity

  • Configurable Cryptography

9.10 Format String Vulnerabilities

9.11 Command Injection

9.12 SQL Injection

9.13 Text-Encoding Character Replacement

Final Words

Chapter 10: FINDING AND EXPLOITING SECURITY VULNERABILITIES

10.1 Fuzz Testing

  • The Simplest Fuzz Test

  • Mutation Fuzzer

  • Generating Test Cases

10.2 Vulnerability Triaging

  • Debugging Applications

  • Improving Your Chances of Finding the Root Cause of a Crash

10.3 Exploiting Common Vulnerabilities

  • Exploiting Memory Corruption Vulnerabilities

  • Arbitrary Memory Write Vulnerability

10.4 Writing Shell Code

  • Getting Started

  • Simple Debugging Technique

  • Calling System Calls

  • Executing the Other Programs

  • Generating Shell Code with Metasploit

10.5 Memory Corruption Exploit Mitigations

  • Data Execution Prevention

  • Return-Oriented Programming Counter-Exploit

  • Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR)

  • Detecting Stack Overflows with Memory Canaries

  • Final Words

10.6 NETWORK PROTOCOL ANALYSIS TOOLKIT

10.6.1 Passive Network Protocol Capture and Analysis Tools

  • Microsoft Message Analyzer

  • TCPDump and LibPCAP

  • Wireshark

10.6.2 Active Network Capture and Analysis

  • Canape

  • Canape Core

  • Mallory

10.6.3 Network Connectivity and Protocol Testing

  • Hping

  • Netcat

  • Nmap

10.6.4 Web Application Testing

  • Burp Suite

  • Zed Attack Proxy (ZAP)

  • Mitmproxy

10.6.5 Fuzzing, Packet Generation, and Vulnerability Exploitation Frameworks

  • American Fuzzy Lop (AFL)

  • Kali Linux

  • Metasploit Framework

  • Scapy

  • Sulley

10.6.6 Network Spoofing and Redirection

  • DNSMasq

  • Ettercap

10.6.7 Executable Reverse Engineering

  • Java Decompiler (JD)

  • IDA Pro

  • Hopper

  • ILSpy

  • .NET Reflector

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